Dual Diagnosis 3 min read
Addiction and Anxiety
Anxiety can precede substance use, result from intoxication or withdrawal, or become part of a reinforcing cycle in which short-term relief creates…
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Addiction Guides
Evidence-led guides about substances, behaviors, treatment, recovery and family support.
Dual Diagnosis 3 min read
Addiction and Depression
Depression and substance use can intensify one another through sleep disruption, isolation, loss, withdrawal, impaired judgement, and reduced engagement with care.
Dual Diagnosis 4 min read
Addiction, Trauma and PTSD
Some people use substances to manage hyperarousal, intrusive memories, shame, pain, or sleep disturbance after trauma. Substance use can then create further…
Alcohol Addiction 3 min read
Alcohol Use Disorder: Symptoms, Risks and Treatment
Alcohol use disorder ranges from mild to severe and is defined by a pattern of impaired control and harm—not by a particular…
Cocaine & Stimulants 3 min read
Cocaine Detox: What It Involves and What Comes Next
Cocaine detox is supportive stabilisation after stopping cocaine. Unlike alcohol or benzodiazepine detox, there is no standard medication that simply completes withdrawal,…
Cocaine & Stimulants 3 min read
Cocaine Withdrawal: Symptoms, Timeline and Support
Cocaine withdrawal commonly involves fatigue, low mood, increased sleep or insomnia, vivid dreams, anxiety, craving, slowed thinking, and reduced pleasure. Psychological risk…
Cocaine & Stimulants 4 min read
Cocaine Addiction: Signs, Risks and Treatment
Cocaine addiction can develop with powder cocaine, crack cocaine, or other routes of use. Repeated binges, craving, loss of control, and continued…
Alcohol Addiction 3 min read
Alcohol and Benzodiazepines: Interaction and Withdrawal Risks
Alcohol and benzodiazepines both depress the central nervous system. Combining them can produce profound sedation, impaired coordination, memory loss, breathing suppression, overdose,…
Alcohol Addiction 3 min read
Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder
Several medications can reduce drinking, support abstinence, or lower relapse risk for suitable patients. Choice depends on goals, liver and kidney health,…
Alcohol Addiction 3 min read
Delirium Tremens: Alcohol Withdrawal Emergency Signs
Delirium tremens is a severe alcohol-withdrawal syndrome involving acute confusion and autonomic disturbance, often with agitation or hallucinations. It is a medical…
Alcohol Addiction 4 min read
Alcohol Detox: When Medical Care Is Needed
Alcohol detox is the medically planned management of withdrawal. It may occur at home with clinical supervision, as an outpatient, or in…
Alcohol Addiction 3 min read
Alcohol Withdrawal: Symptoms, Timeline and Risks
Alcohol withdrawal can begin within hours of a substantial reduction and may progress unpredictably. Severe complications include seizures and delirium tremens.